The Early Beginnings of Eye Protection
Sunglasses, or at least the concept of eye protection against bright light, have been around for centuries. The earliest recorded use of protective eyewear dates back to ancient China around the 12th century. Chinese judges used smoky quartz lenses to shield their eyes from glare, not for sun protection, but to conceal their expressions while in court.
Meanwhile, the Inuit people in Arctic regions crafted rudimentary sunglasses from flattened walrus ivory with narrow slits. These primitive goggles helped reduce glare from the snow, preventing snow blindness.
The Evolution in Europe
In the 18th century, James Ayscough, an English optician, experimented with tinted lenses, believing that blue or green-tinted glass could correct specific vision impairments. However, these glasses were not designed to protect against sunlight.
The Rise of Sunglasses as Sun Protection
The modern version of sunglasses began to emerge in the 20th century. In the 1920s, Sam Foster, an American entrepreneur, began mass-producing sunglasses under the brand “Foster Grant.” He introduced affordable sunglasses to the U.S. market, making them widely available. By the 1930s, sunglasses became a popular fashion accessory, especially among Hollywood celebrities.
The Role of Technology and War
During World War II, sunglasses evolved from a fashion statement to a necessary protective tool. The U.S. military worked with optical companies to develop anti-glare sunglasses for pilots. This collaboration led to the invention of the iconic aviator sunglasses by Ray-Ban in 1936, featuring green-tinted lenses to reduce glare and improve visibility.
Polarized Lenses and Modern Advancements
In 1936, Edwin H. Land, the founder of Polaroid, introduced polarized lenses, which significantly reduced glare. This innovation revolutionized sunglasses, making them essential for driving, aviation, and outdoor activities.
Today, sunglasses come in various styles, materials, and functionalities. Advanced technologies such as UV protection, photochromic lenses, and blue-light filtering have transformed them into an everyday necessity.
Conclusion
Sunglasses have come a long way from smoky quartz lenses in ancient China to high-tech eyewear with UV protection. Over the centuries, they have evolved from a simple tool for vision correction and privacy to a crucial accessory for fashion, health, and performance. Whether for style or protection, sunglasses remain an essential part of modern life.
